TAC1 and neoplasm: In cases 2 to 9, however, neoadjuvant or adjuvant TAT with [213Bi]Bi/[225Ac]Ac-DOTA-substance P was the only form of intra-tumoral radiotherapy, and with one exception (case 6, Table 1), it was the only form of treatment, in combination with surgery, that led to the long-term recurrence-free tumor control of diffuse invasive grade 2 astrocytoma (median of 11 years; range of 3 to 16 years).