Murine studies have shown that insulin can increase the expression of MCP-1 via adipocytes [135], and stimulation of adipose tissue with MCP-1 can also induce dedifferentiation, which may contribute to the pathologies observed in obesity, such as cancer cell dedifferentiation, which occurs in their malignant transformation [135]. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.