Using a two-dimensional proteomic approach to study the serum of endometriosis patients positive for AEA, target endometrial antigens were identified in the range from 30 kDa to 45 kDa [21], particularly, tropomyosin 3 (TPM) and tropomodulin 3 (TMOD), which may be involved in cytoskeletal protein functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, and adhesion, as well as in the receptor and secondary messenger functions [3], while antibodies to these antigens have been proposed as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis [22]. This evidence concerns the gene TMOD3 and endometriosis.