In this regard, we reported that Tiliroside administration modulated the balance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to ameliorate ulcerative colitis, as reflected by the decrease in the percentage of M1 macrophages (CD68+iNOS+) and the increase in the percentage of M2 macrophages (CD68+CD206+) in the colonic lamina propria of colitis mice [21]. The gene discussed is MRC1; the disease is colitis.