In Figure 2, we visualize this intricate interplay where Gal-1 orchestrates a series of events in the PDAC microenvironment, culminating in the profound desmoplastic reaction and subsequent ischemic conditions, thereby emphasizing the multifaceted role of Gal-1 in pancreatic cancer progression and microenvironment modulation. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and pancreatic neoplasm.