These blood-based biomarkers include parameters such as the serum levels of soluble systemic immune/inflammatory molecules (i.e., the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) or soluble PD-L1), tumor-cell-related markers (i.e., blood-based tumor burden, circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA) or the dynamic changes in the frequency/number of various circulating immune cell subsets [26,29,30,31,32]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.