IL1B and neoplasm: Recent in vitro experimental studies reported that OSCC cells secreted significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β when treated with zymosan (ZYM), a component from the cell wall of C. albicans [35], and the progress of OSCC was promoted by the presence of living C. albicans via stimulating the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tumor metabolites, and tumor-promoting signal pathways [36].