VCAM1 and lung cancer: Furthermore, research has shown that using a diagnostic model on lung cancer that includes human epidermis secreting protein 4 (HE4), secreting vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), sarcosine (TTR), apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2), sarcosine (TTR), in conjunction with the carcinogenic antigen CEA can greatly improve lung cancer detection accuracy.