TRIM31 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To identify novel RNF proteins involved in HCC progression based on our previous proteomics data [4], we combined 1474 proteins upregulated in HCC tissues compared with paired paracancerous tissues (Log2FC > 2, p < 0.01) and 90 RNF proteins detected in HCC tissues, which led to 17 protein candidates (Figure 1A,B).