Pancreatic expression of Hmgcr is upregulated in a murine spontaneous pancreatic cancer model (Pdx1-Cre; lox-stop-lox-KrasG12D/+; Ink4a/Arflox/lox) [23], as well as in pancreatic cancer patients [24]. This evidence concerns the gene PDX1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.