BAX and cancer: Cancer cells are capable of circumventing apoptosis by, for example, losing the function of tumor suppressor genes such as tumor protein 53 (TP53), by downregulating proapoptotic factors such as Bim, Bax, and Puma, by increasing the expression of survival signals such as insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (Igf1/2), or by upregulating antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 [3].