CD8A and neoplasm: As for OPSCC, we found that, compared to patients in the HPV-negative group, those in the HPV-positive group had significantly more immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, especially naive B cells, M1 Macrophages, follicular helper T cells, and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), which primarily exerted anti-tumor effects and might contribute to the protective effect of HPV infection for tumorigenesis to some extent (Figure 8A).