TNF and atherosclerosis: We performed KEGG analysis for those DEGs, and found that they were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, such as Fatty acid metabolism, Fatty acid degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, Lipid and atherosclerosis, and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (Fig. 3C).