INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To determine whether the genetically determined MR association between type 1 diabetes and PCOS was disrupted through pleiotropic pathways associated with PCOS, we examined the relationship between T1D and several PCOS risk factors such as body mass index, sex hormone-binding globulin, fasting insulin, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, using the IVW method.