Although there were only weak to moderate correlations for eGFR, creatinine, and proteinuria with retinal tortuosity, CRVE, and hs-CRP, the post-hoc analysis showed statistically significant differences in the tortuosity, CRVE, and hs-CRP when grouped into stages i.e. between CKD stages 3 and 5 (p-value: CRVE = 0.015, hs-CRP = 0.032) and CKD stage 4 and 5 (p-value: tortuosity = 0.013, CRVE = 0.007, hs-CRP = 0.023). Here, CRP is linked to chronic kidney disease.