MAPK4 and Hepatitis: Furthermore, the elevation of LECT2 levels activates the pathway from TGF-β-activated kinase 1-binding protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by lipopolysaccharides as an adjuvant and shifts residual liver macrophages to the M1-like phenotype, contributing to the development of liver inflammation [22, 23].