However, although several biomarkers, such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), have been studied16, 17, no biomarker has been found that accurately predicts the outcome after mTBI. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and concussion.