To verify whether the selected proteins were associated with mTBI, a functional association network between 19 proteins and the two well-known mTBI biomarkers, GFAP and UCH-L1, was examined, and significant protein–protein interactions were confirmed between the proteins, except for CYB5R3 (Supplementary Fig. 2a; P = 3.48e−7). Here, UCHL1 is linked to concussion.