As a case in point, excitatory neurons and inter-neurons down-regulate genes encoding subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase early in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (Fig. 3e), a phenomenon that can be imaged with [18F]FP1OP, originally developed for cardiac imaging17. This evidence concerns the gene ENSG00000251605 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.