The partial rescue of SMS phenotypes that we observed contrasts with our previous findings that found (1) AAV-mediated BDNF overexpression in PVH at 3 wk of age and (2) genetically overexpressing BDNF from early development could fully prevent the development of obesity in SMS mice (Javed et al., 2021). Here, BDNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.