TGFB1 and cancer: The miR-181 family is a highly conserved group of miRNAs that are increasingly important in biomedical research, and these miRNAs exhibit aberrant expression patterns in different solid tumors, where they can function as either tumor suppressors or promoters of cancer.16 One study found that the TGFβ pathway regulates the transcription of miR-181b, which in turn promotes the progress and chemoresistance of liver cancer.17 Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor that predominantly affects children.