PDIA4 and squamous cell lung carcinoma: CAT, ENO1, NQO1, P4HB, and PDIA6 were unique to LUAD, while CAV1, GAPDH, GPX2, GPX3, and PDIA4 exhibited consistent trends in differential expression in both LUAD and lung squamous cell cancer, significant prognostic survival prediction (p<0.05), and excellent classification effectiveness.