Additionally, activation of Gli2 and Gli2 is dependent on SMAD3 in several cell lines including keratinocytes and breast carcinomas, and activation of the Gli2 target gene PTHLH (encoding parathyroid hormone-related protein) occurs independently of canonical Hh signaling (Dennler et al., 2007; Johnson et al., 2011). The gene discussed is PTHLH; the disease is breast carcinoma.