Overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome causes the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-18 and IL-1β, via the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 by NLRP3 and ASC, thereby activating downstream signaling pathways and ultimately contributing to an inflammatory cascade that leads to depression. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and depressive disorder.