Stromal cells, including MS-5, secrete SDF-1 or CXCL12 (Li et al., 2014), U937 cells express high levels of a ligand, CXCR4 (Tavor et al., 2008; Zeng et al., 2009), and disruption of CXCL12/CXCR4 by plerixafor (AMD3100) renders AML cells more sensitive to cytotoxic effects of AraC in mice (Nervi et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and acute myeloid leukemia.