The potential mechanisms underlying these effects include: (i) Directly influencing tumor cells by regulating tumor metabolism and enhancing the stemness of cancer stem cells; (ii) Modulating T cell-mediated immunity and recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to mediate tumor immune suppression; (iii) Producing inflammatory factors that create a pro-inflammatory microenvironment to promote CRC progression; (iv)Targeting TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway to induce autophagy to promote chemotherapy resistance of CRC (Kostic et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2017; Ou et al., 2022). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is neoplasm.