TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In obesity, PI3K-AKT (FC 2.76, 95% CI: 0.87-4.65), inflammatory cytokines (FC 2.60, 95% CI: 1.61-3.59), and TNF signaling (FC 1.29, 95% CI: 0.75-1.62) were upregulated (Figure 5A).