TNF and osteoarthritis: A study showed that linalool inhibited the LPS-induced overproduction of NO, prostaglandin E2, IL-6, and TNF-α in chondrocytes; the mechanism study showed that linalool blocked the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting the formation of TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 dimer complex, thus, delaying osteoarthritis progression (Qi et al., 2021).