The expression of IFN-γ reflects the activation of NK cells, and surface expression of CD107a correlates with NK cell cytotoxicity.33 We found that IFN-γ+ NK cells between two groups showed a similar trend with corresponding NK cells in blood, i.e., the proportion and number of IFN-γ +NK cells were significantly increased in GlcNAc group compared with that in PBS group before infection (P = .0028, P < .0001) (Figure 5b and S9a) but no significant after infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.