As shown in Fig. 7f, different cell types can be defined by differently co-expressed markers, such as CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+), M1 AMs (F4/80+CD11c+CD86+), M1 BMDMs (F4/80+CD11c-CD86+), matured DC (F4/80-CD11c+CD86+), NK cells (NK1.1+CD3-) as well as cancer cells (Pan-CK+Ki67+), then we used HALO platform to analyze the locations of the defined immune cells from tumor border, the shortest distance between cancer cells and immune cells, as well as the number of immune cells surrounding cancer cells. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.