GFAP and neurodegenerative disease: The mean values of all markers of neurodegenerative diseases were higher among dementia cases than controls, particularly for GFAP (Table 1), and the combination of persistent SCC with high GFAP levels yielded an approximatively eightfold increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR 7.52; 95%CI 2.79–20.29; p-value < 0.0001, Table 3).