PHGDH and cancer: The transcriptional upregulation of PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, and their downstream one-carbon metabolism enzymes like SHMT1 and SHMT2 were reported in multiple cancer cell lines, including Burkitt lymphoma primary cells (60), human hepatoma cells, cervical cancer (HeLa) cells (59), neuroblastoma cells (61), primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (62), neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells (63), and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (64).