For example, NAT10-mediated ac4C modification promotes bladder cancer progression27 and drives chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells;28 NAT10 accelerates tumor metastasis in gastric cancer via mediating ac4C modification of COL5A1.29 Importantly, the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of NAT10 has been revealed in LSCC.30,31 To analyze the functional effects of NAT10 on LSCC cells, we established sh-NAT10 and the negative control sh-NC plasmids to stably interfere with NAT10 expression for loss-of-function assays. The gene discussed is COL5A1; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.