Pols et al., 2011 showed that the activation of bile acid receptor TGR5 attenuates atherosclerosis, an effect that is lost in Ldlr−/−Tgr5−/− mice [56]; notably, the protective effects of TGR5 ligation on atherosclerosis was shown to be enhanced by the combined ligation of FXR in hyperglycaemic models [57]. Here, GPBAR1 is linked to atherosclerosis.