CSF2 and congenital rubella syndrome: CRS is characterized by the massive release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), MCP-1, and particularly IL-6, from immune cells [1,7].