ANGPT1 and neoplasm: Although the proteolysis of the extracellular matrix mediated by MMP-9 culminates in promoter events induced by subtoxic concentrations of the capsaicinoid in certain tumor types, Caprodossi et al. (2011) also reported increases in the expression of three proangiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1 and 2), six prometastatic genes in addition to MMP-9, and surprisingly, a downregulation in the expression of Fas/CD95 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) [165].