The adaptive immune system involving T cells is well described in ALS and Tregs, and M2 macrophages/microglia respond to danger signals by producing anti-inflammatory signals such as transforming growth factor-beta, IL-10, IGF-1 and IL-4, in the Th2 anti-inflammatory response and suppress T-helper type 1 cells in the case of Tregs.166 The adaptive response can thus be also observed in systemic change in ILs/chemokines. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.