MCP-1/chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 belongs to a sub-family of 27 CC chemokines with an N-terminal CC domain.168 It is a chemoattractant chemokine of 11–13 kDa that is involved in activating microglia and promoting the migration of peripheral immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages to inflammation sites.169,170 In the SOD1 mouse model of ALS, increased levels of MCP-1 are found in the spinal cord.171 Measurement of MCP-1 in CSF by ELISA has indicated that it is increased in ALS compared with disease mimics and healthy controls.59 However, levels are inconclusive in blood.16,60,61. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.