Nonetheless, research on the therapeutic effects of currently used drugs for MS treatment, including IFNβ-1α, glatiramer acetate (GA), and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to interfere with the VISTA expression, as the VISTA mRNA was found to be upregulated in PBMCs of the treated patients compared to their treatment naïve counterparts [98]. This evidence concerns the gene VSIR and myeloid sarcoma.