VSIR and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: As well, according to Derakhshani et al., investigations on PBMCs of RRMS patients demonstrated a significant downregulation of VISTA mRNA expression, and further single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of various cell populations confirmed a decreasing trend in the expression pattern of VISTA in monocytes, DCs, and naïve B-cells of untreated RRMS patients compared to healthy controls [98].