Furthermore, TIM-3- and Gal-9-blocking antibodies were shown to mitigate apoptotic cell death of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T lymphocytes while boosting IFN-γ and IL-17 expression in benign MS, RRMS, and healthy control groups, though not in the PPMS group, demonstrating the importance of TIM-3 expression pattern in determining the clinical phenotype of the disease [124]. Here, MBP is linked to primary progressive multiple sclerosis.