INS and Insulin resistance: As there are no cut-off values to define insulin resistance using HEC procedures in Asian Indians, we referred to the value < 4.7 mU m−2 per minute on the HEC procedure determined previously in 18 HEC studies in different ethnic groups by Bergman et al. All the HEC procedures used a constant insulin infusion rate of 40 mU m2 per minute15 which is identical to the current study.