EPO stimulates oligodendroglia differentiation and myelination16–19 by driving myelin gene transcription such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin basic protein (MBP)17, and inducing genes involved in lipidic transport and metabolism20, making EPO a potential pharmacological agent that counteracts demyelinating diseases or perinatal white matter injury21–23. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is demyelinating disease.