When examining the expression of crucial immune checkpoints, we discovered that markers pivotal for immune modulation, namely LAG3, PD-L1, and PD-L2, were significantly upregulated in Cluster 2, as seen in Fig. 3G. This comprehensive analysis suggests that the immune environment of Cluster 2 might be more skewed towards facilitating tumor immune evasion, underscoring the potential therapeutic implications. The gene discussed is PDCD1LG2; the disease is neoplasm.