PCNA and benign prostatic hyperplasia: In the present study, testosterone-induced BPH was confirmed grossly by a significant rise in prostatic weight and index, biochemically by increasing serum levels of testosterone, DHT, and PSA, morphologically by marked acinar epithelial and stromal hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, and increased collagen deposition, together with subsequent rise in the inflammatory TNF-α and the proliferative PCNA markers.