TNF and neoplasm: Their research revealed that tumor growth was promoted by activating histamine receptor 1 (H1R) or inhibiting H2R, while histamine effectively suppressed inflammation and colon tumor development by inhibiting LPS-induced TNF and IL-6 expression and p38 MAPK activation in mouse macrophages.80 Further exploration is needed to uncover the relationship between metabolites linked to intestinal microbiota and macrophages.