CD8A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, in the obesity model, treatment with sodium butyrate (NaB) resulted in a reduction of inflammatory-spectrum immune cell populations, including M1 macrophages and CD8+ T cells, while anti-inflammatory cell populations such as M2 macrophages and Tregs cells were increased.121 HFD has been found to impact the gut microbiome by reducing the presence of Clostridium difficile and increasing the abundance of Aspergillus delta and epsilon.