MTOR and adenoma: Additionally, the study found that the elevation of positive infiltration of M2-type TAMs in TME was positively associated with the mTOR signaling pathway.93 Interestingly, colonization of mice with E. coli 541–15 showed a protective effect, leading to reduced levels of TAMs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as well as slower adenoma growth in the colonized mice94 (Table 1) (Figure 3).