TNF and neoplasm: This results in the formation of a precancerous inflammatory microenvironment, which significantly promotes the polarization of M1-macrophages and the production of pro-tumor inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.21 Tan-Garcia et al. discovered that activating CD14+ human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR)hi CD206+ myeloid cells through sequential LPS stimulation resulted in a significant reduction in TNF-α secretion by CD206− myeloid cells in the liver.