Several studies have confirmed that colitis can be alleviated by AHR ligands through activating the AHR (Hanieh, 2014; Lv et al., 2018a; Lv et al., 2018b; Yu et al., 2018; Marafini et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene AHR and colitis.