However, the emergence of the AHR–microbiota axis prompted us to expand insights into other GI diseases, and AHR activity-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (Salminen, 2023), arthritis (Rosser et al., 2020), cardiovascular disease (Paeslack et al., 2022), psoriasis (Qiao et al., 2022), and so on. This evidence concerns the gene AHR and Arthritis.