IFNA1 and neoplasm: Noteworthy, intra-tumoral injection of an agonist to localize IFN production in the tumor induced response to ICI therapy in an ICI-insensitive tumor model (8); thus, suggesting tumor-localized IFN is a promising strategy to turn “cold” tumors “hot.” While recombinant type I IFN is an approved therapy in multiple solid cancers, only modest efficacy has been observed in the clinic (13, 14).