CD19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Mougiakakos et al reported successful treatment using autologous CD19 CAR-T cells in a patient with severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with active lupus nephritis, achieving serologic and clinical remission and a decrease in the SLE disease activity index (DAI) score from 16 at baseline to 0 at follow-up, with no adverse events.118 Subsequently, Mackensen et al reported on 5 patients with refractory SLE treated with CAR-T-cells.