GPNMB and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Compared with those from patients with ALI, the PBMCs of patients with ALF showed significantly increased GPNMB and CD163 mRNA expression (p = 0.0282 and p = 0.0265, respectively), decreased CCR7 and IL-6 expression (p = 0.0416 and p = 0.0307, respectively), and a tendency for increased expression of other M2 markers and decreased expression of other M1 markers (Figure 5).