TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The array of immunosuppressive treatments used in IBD includes immunomodulators [most commonly thiopurines], anti-cytokine therapies (including anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] and anti-IL-12/23 drugs), anti-integrin therapies [vedolizumab], and small-molecule inhibitors of signalling (e.g. tofacitinib, a Janus Kinase [JAK] inhibitor).