This would corroborate our phosphoproteomics data, with post-translational modification signatures indicative of enhanced immune processes in resistant patients (Fig. 1e), which is in line with previously published work linking upregulation of cellular immune pathways and inflammatory markers to an unfavorable response to anti-VEGFR TKI’s in ccRCC [44, 68, 69]. This evidence concerns the gene KDR and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.