The levels of IL-12p70, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-2, M-CSF, VEGF, ICAM-1, and P-selectin increased after infection; however, the expression of all except MCP-1, IFN-γ, and P-selectin was strongly suppressed by anti-TNF-α Ab treatment (S2G and S2Q Fig). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and infection.