SERPING1 and Cowden syndrome 1: CS4P is a newly developed proteomic risk score that incorporates hepatic fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB), and SerpinG1 (IC1), which better refines the prediction and stratification of CS risk and is useful in the development of a risk profile for CS.